Recognizing Hunter syndrome
Signs and Symptoms
Learn about how Hunter syndrome presents itself and the signs and symptoms that are commonly seen through those effected by the condition.

🩺 Recognizing Hunter Syndrome: Signs & Symptoms
Hunter syndrome (MPS II) is a progressive genetic disorder that often manifests in early childhood. While symptoms can vary in severity, early recognition is crucial for timely intervention.
👶 Early Indicators (Typically Between Ages 2–4)
Initial signs are often subtle and may resemble common childhood ailments:
- Frequent ear infections
- Persistent runny nose or colds
- Enlarged tonsils and adenoids
- Abdominal hernias
These symptoms may not immediately suggest Hunter syndrome but can be early indicators, especially when occurring together.
🧠 Neurological & Cognitive Symptoms
In more severe cases, neurological involvement may lead to:
- Developmental delays
- Behavioral issues (e.g., hyperactivity, aggression)
- Cognitive decline
- Seizures
These symptoms typically emerge between ages 2 and 5 and may progress over time.
🧬 Physical Characteristics
Children with Hunter syndrome may develop distinctive physical features, including:
- Coarse facial features
- Enlarged head (macrocephaly)
- Broad nose and thick lips
- Enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
- Short stature
These features become more pronounced as the disease progresses.
🫁 Respiratory & Cardiovascular Issues
Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) can affect vital organs:
- Sleep apnea and breathing difficulties
- Frequent respiratory infections
- Heart valve abnormalities
- Enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly)
These complications can significantly impact quality of life and require medical attention.
🦴 Musculoskeletal Symptoms
Skeletal and joint issues are common:
- Joint stiffness and limited mobility
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Spinal cord compression
- Abnormal bone development
These symptoms can lead to decreased physical function over time.
🧑⚕️ When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
If your child exhibits multiple symptoms listed above, especially in combination, consult a pediatrician or genetic specialist. Early diagnosis can lead to interventions that may slow disease progression and improve quality of life.
💙 A Message of Hope
While a Hunter syndrome diagnosis can feel overwhelming, you are not alone — and there is hope. Research is advancing rapidly, and new therapies are on the horizon that aim to treat not just the physical symptoms, but also the neurological impact of the disease. Several potential treatments are already in the final stages of review or active clinical trials, including gene therapy and next-generation enzyme replacement therapies.
Project Alive is here to walk with you — to connect you with resources, guide you through options, and remind you that there is a strong, supportive community beside you. The journey is hard, but together, we are building a future with more answers, more support, and more hope.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Recognizing Hunter syndrome
These symptoms may not be present at birth and generally become noticeable within 2 to 4 years of age:
- Runny Nose
- Colds
- Recurrent Ear Infections
- Joint Stiffness
- Numbness or Weakness in Hands
- Breathing Problems such as Sleep Apnea

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
The Physical Attributes
Typically, boys affected by Hunter syndrome present distinct physical features.
- Large, Round Cheeks
- Coarse Facial Features or Tough Skin
- Enlarged Abdomen, Tongue and Tonsils
- Bushy Eyebrows
- Broad Nose
- Large Head
- Slowed Growth