Recognizing Hunter syndrome

Signs and Symptoms

Learn about how Hunter syndrome presents itself and the signs and symptoms that are commonly seen through those effected by the condition.

Recognizing Hunter Syndrome: Signs & Symptoms

Hunter syndrome (MPS II) is a progressive genetic disorder that often manifests in early childhood. While symptoms can vary in severity, early recognition is crucial for timely intervention.

Early Indicators (Typically Between Ages 2–4)

Initial signs are often subtle and may resemble common childhood ailments:

Frequent ear infections
Persistent runny nose or colds
Enlarged tonsils and adenoids
Abdominal hernias

These symptoms may not immediately suggest Hunter syndrome but can be early indicators, especially when occurring together.

Neurological & Cognitive Symptoms

In more severe cases, neurological involvement may lead to:

Developmental delays
Behavioral issues (e.g., hyperactivity, aggression)
Cognitive decline
Seizures

These symptoms typically emerge between ages 2 and 5 and may progress over time.

Physical Characteristics

Children with Hunter syndrome may develop distinctive physical features, including:

Coarse facial features
Enlarged head (macrocephaly)
Broad nose and thick lips
Enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
Short stature

These features become more pronounced as the disease progresses.

Respiratory & Cardiovascular Issues

Accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) can affect vital organs:

Sleep apnea and breathing difficulties
Frequent respiratory infections
Heart valve abnormalities
Enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly)

These complications can significantly impact quality of life and require medical attention.

Musculoskeletal Symptoms

Skeletal and joint issues are common:

Joint stiffness and limited mobility
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Spinal cord compression
Abnormal bone development

These symptoms can lead to decreased physical function over time.

If your child exhibits multiple symptoms listed above, especially in combination, consult a pediatrician or genetic specialist. Early diagnosis can lead to interventions that may slow disease progression and improve quality of life.

HUNTER SYNDROME

A Quick Look

Hunter syndrome is a rare genetic disease that is progressively debilitating, life-limiting and without a cure. It occurs almost exclusively in males and currently affects approximately 500 boys in the U.S. and less than 2,000 worldwide.

2-4

Years of Age

Typical Age of Diagnosis

20%

Of Boys Affected

Don't Suffer Cognitive Impairments of Regression

our promise to the community

A Message of Hope

While a Hunter syndrome diagnosis can feel overwhelming, you are not alone — and there is hope. Research is advancing rapidly, and new therapies are on the horizon that aim to treat not just the physical symptoms, but also the neurological impact of the disease. Several potential treatments are already in the final stages of review or active clinical trials, including gene therapy and next-generation enzyme replacement therapies.

Project Alive is here to walk with you — to connect you with resources, guide you through options, and remind you that there is a strong, supportive community beside you. The journey is hard, but together, we are building a future with more answers, more support, and more hope.

Our Mission